What does the term "affirmative action" typically refer to?

The term "affirmative action" is primarily associated with policies designed to improve access to employment and educational opportunities for historically marginalized groups, particularly women and minorities. This set of policies aims to address the systemic barriers and discrimination that these groups have faced in various sectors. By implementing affirmative action, organizations and institutions seek to create a more equitable environment that promotes diversity and inclusion.

The focus on improving opportunities for women and minorities is a significant aspect of affirmative action, as it reflects a commitment to correcting imbalances in representation and providing equal chances for advancement in areas where these groups have been underrepresented. This can take the form of targeted recruitment efforts, scholarship programs, or specific hiring practices designed to foster diversity within the workforce and educational institutions.